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Massimo Introvigne : ウィキペディア英語版
Massimo Introvigne

Massimo Introvigne (born June 14, 1955 in Rome) is an Italian sociologist and intellectual property consultant. He is the founder and managing director of the Center for Studies on New Religions (CESNUR), an international network of scholars who study new religious movements. Introvigne is the author of tens of books and articles in the field of sociology of religion. He was the main author of the ''Enciclopedia delle religioni in Italia'' (Encyclopedia of Religions in Italy). He is a member of the editorial board for the Interdisciplinary Journal of Research on Religion.〔( Interdisciplinary Journal of Research on Religion Editorial Board )〕 He is also a consultant on intellectual property rights.〔(Massimo Introvigne )〕 From January 5 to December 31, 2011, he has served as the "Representative on combating racism, xenophobia and discrimination, with a special focus on discrimination against Christians and members of other religions" of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE). In June 2012, he was appointed by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs as chairperson of the newly instituted Observatory of Religious Liberty, created by the Ministry in order to monitor problems of religious liberty on a worldwide scale.
==Life==

Born in Rome on June 14, 1955, Massimo Introvigne reported in a partially autobiographical paper presented at the 2008 yearly conference of the American Academy of Religion in Chicago〔http://www.cesnur.org/2008/mi_20.htm〕 how his interest in non-Christian religions dates back to his reading as a young boy of the novels of Emilio Salgari, Rudyard Kipling, and Luigi Ugolini (1891–1980, the author of the 1950 Italian novel ''L'isola non-trovata''), which included references to Hinduism, Islam and other religions not generally well-known at that time in Italy. The popular encyclopedia ''Le grandi religioni del mondo'' (The Great Religions of the World), published in 1964 by the leading publishing house Rizzoli, was – according to the same paper – also an influence on the young Introvigne, who devotedly purchased its monthly instalments at age nine. Also in the Chicago paper, Introvigne mentions the crucial importance of his Jesuit high school, the Istituto sociale in Turin, Italy, between 1970–1973. As other Italian high schools in these years, that one hosted a vigorous political debate, and Introvigne attended it in the same years of future left-wing Italian leader Piero Fassino and centrist politician Michele Vietti (whose cousin, the scholar of Islam Silvia Scaranari, he will eventually marry in 1982). At the same school he met the Catholic conservative organization Alleanza Cattolica which he joined in 1972. He went on to obtain a laurea degree (equivalent to a Master's degree) in Philosophy from the Pontificia Università Gregoriana in Rome, a Vatican-accredited institution, and a laurea degree in Law from the University of Turin, Italy.
During the Gregoriana years he also attended (as a layman, i.e. not as a seminarian studying for priesthood) the Catholic Almo Collegio Capranica, where he had as fellow students the future Archbishops Rino Fisichella, Nikola Eterović, and many others who will later become prominent figures of the Catholic Church. His dissertation at the University of Turin was on John Rawls, and was later published in 1983 by Giuffré as ''I due principi di giustizia nella teoria di Rawls'', the first work on Rawls in Italian.〔Massimo Introvigne, ''I due principi di giustizia nella teoria di Rawls'', Milan: Giuffré, 1983〕 The dissertation was directed by Italian philosopher Enrico di Robilant, with whom Introvigne worked between 1979 and 1985 as an assistant lecturer.
Gradually, he shifted his main interests from philosophy to sociology, and from law to religion. In 1987 he presented a paper at the international conference of the Mormon History Association in Oxford, where he started a long-lasting co-operation with Swiss historian Jean-François Mayer and with the Utah lawyer and historian Michael W. Homer, which would eventually lead to the establishment of CESNUR in 1988. He taught short courses in the sociology of religious movements at the Athenaeum Pontificium Regina Apostolorum and in 2005–2006 at the Pontifical University of the Holy Cross, both Vatican-accredited institutions. In 2012 he joined the faculty of the Pontifical Salesian University, also accredited by the Vatican, as a professor of Sociology of Religious Movements and, as of 2013, of Sociology of Religions.〔See http://torino.unisal.it/uni/index.php/docenti/docenti-invitati/item/123-massimo-introvigne〕 In the second edition of his ''Nuovo manuale di sociologia della religione'' (New Manual of Sociology of Religion) Roberto Cipriani, former president of AIS (Associazione Italiana di Sociologia) and one of Italy's leading sociologists, calls Introvigne "one of the Italian sociologists of religion most well-known abroad, and among the world's leading scholars of new religious movements".〔Roberto Cipriani, ''Nuovo manuale di sociologia della religione'', 2nd ed., Rome: Borla, 2009, p. 470〕
From 1980, Introvigne also developed parallel activity as an intellectual-property attorney. he works as a partner in the Jacobacci & Partners patent- and trademark-consultancy firm in Turin, Italy, and is counsel in the law firm Jacobacci & Associati, a firm he helped establishing in 1998. He is also one of the partners. although with no role in the management, of Terrazza Solferino, a company which bought and restored the historical terrace and Liberty apartment of the same name in Turin as a center for business and culture. He is married and has four children.
Introvigne started collecting books on minority religions and esoteric-gnostic schools in the 1970s. his collection includes more than 60,000 volumes – see the (online catalogue ) made available to the public via the CESNUR library.
He is vice-president of the Catholic movement Alleanza Cattolica〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Alleanza Cattolica – Catholic Alliance – a deepening )〕 and one of the founding members of the Italian think tank Res Publica initiated in 1999 by Silvio Berlusconi, to which The People of Freedom it is closely connected. Introvigne was also a member of the National Council of the Italian Christian Democrat party UDC – Union of the Centre, but disagreed with this party's decision not to support Silvio Berlusconi at the Italian political elections of 2008 (which Berlusconi eventually won) and left the party. At the regional elections of 2010 in his home region of Piedmont Introvigne emerged as one of the most vocal supporters of the conservative candidate, Roberto Cota (who defeated governor Mercedes Bresso) and a vitriolic critic of the support given by the UDC and other Catholics to the strongly pro-choice Bresso.〔
http://www.alleanzapercota.org〕
In 2010 he was appointed by the Italian Ministry for Internal Affairs as one of the 19 members of the Comitato per l'Islam Italiano, a body created by the same Ministry in order to advise the government in matters related to the Islamic minority in Italy.〔()〕
From January 5 to December 31, 2011 he served as "Representative on combating racism, xenophobia and discrimination, with a special focus on discrimination against Christians and members of other religions"〔()〕 of the OSCE. In this capacity, he organized inter alia the international conference of OSCE on hate crimes against Christians held in Rome on September 12, 2011. In his speech at the Ministerial Council of OSCE in Vilnius, Lithuania, on December 6, 2011, Archbishop Dominique Mamberti,Secretary for the Holy See's Relations with States, with a reference to the mandate of Introvigne at OSCE during the year 2011, when Lithuania chaired the organization, stated that «last September's Meeting in Rome on the theme "Preventing and responding to Hate Incidents and Crimes against Christians" was a successful and hopeful event, and revealed the possibility of constructive dialogue toward mutual understanding and respect among Christians, members of other religions, and nonbelievers. The Holy See appreciates the outstanding work that was done under the Lithuanian Chairmanship to combat intolerance against Christians».〔()〕 Mentioning his past experience with OSCE, in June 2012 the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs appointed Introvigne chairperson of the newly instituted Observatory of Religious Liberty, created by the Ministry in co-operation with the City of Rome in order to monitor religious liberty on a worldwide scale.〔()〕

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